What Is a “Jiko Bukken”?
In Japan, a “Jiko Bukken” (事故物件) refers to a property where a death has occurred due to unnatural causes, such as suicide, murder, or an accident. Unlike in some Western countries, where such properties might not significantly impact the market, in Japan, they are often considered undesirable and can be difficult to sell or rent. But why is this the case?
How Are Jiko Bukken Treated in Japan?
1. Disclosure Requirements
In Japan, real estate agents are required to inform potential buyers or tenants if a property has a history of unnatural death. This is known as a “psychological defect” in the property and must be disclosed for a certain period, usually when a new tenant moves in. Because of this, many people avoid renting or purchasing such properties, fearing bad luck or a lingering presence of the deceased.
2. Cultural Perceptions of Death
Japanese culture has a deep-rooted sensitivity toward death. Influenced by Shinto and Buddhist beliefs, many people see death, especially a tragic one, as something that can leave a spiritual imprint on a location. Ghost stories (kaidan) have been part of Japanese folklore for centuries, and the idea that spirits might linger in a place where a person suffered is a commonly held belief.
Additionally, in some traditions, the spirits of those who die with unresolved emotions—such as those who were murdered or committed suicide—are believed to remain in the physical world. This makes many people feel uneasy about living in a place associated with such incidents.
3. Social Stigma and Superstition
Japanese society places a strong emphasis on harmony and avoiding anything associated with misfortune. Living in a Jiko Bukken could be seen as inviting bad luck, and some people believe it may negatively impact their personal and professional lives. For example, guests may feel uncomfortable visiting, or some may even believe that misfortune could extend to their own lives simply by association.
Are There Any Advantages to Jiko Bukken?
For those who do not believe in superstitions, Jiko Bukken can offer a great deal. These properties are typically rented or sold at a significantly lower price compared to similar properties in the same area. In cities like Tokyo, where rent can be extremely high, some people actively seek out these properties to save money.
Additionally, as the stigma is strongest immediately after an incident, some Jiko Bukken are rebranded after a certain period. For example, once a new tenant has lived there for a while without issues, the disclosure requirement no longer applies in many cases. This means later tenants might be able to rent a property at a discount without even knowing its history.
Conclusion
Jiko Bukken are widely avoided in Japan due to cultural beliefs, superstitions, and social stigma surrounding death. However, for those who are not influenced by these factors, they present an opportunity to find housing at a significantly lower price. While Japan has strict disclosure rules for such properties, over time, their history becomes less relevant in the real estate market.
For foreigners living in Japan, understanding this cultural nuance can be beneficial, especially for those looking to save on rent. If you don’t mind the history of a place, a Jiko Bukken could be an affordable housing option in an otherwise expensive market.
