When summer arrives, hand fans become an indispensable accessory in Japan. These traditional fans, known as “uchiwa,” have been cherished as a symbol of Japanese summer for centuries. However, many people may not be familiar with the origins and history behind this iconic item. In this article, we’ll explore the birthplace of uchiwa, the meaning behind its name, and the individuals who helped popularize it.
The Origins of Uchiwa
The origins of uchiwa can be traced back to ancient China, where fans made of bamboo and feathers were used. It is believed that these fans were introduced to Japan during the Nara period (710-784 AD). At that time, fans were primarily used by the nobility in ceremonies and dance performances.
During the Heian period (794-1185 AD), fans became more widely used in daily life. Classic literary works such as “The Pillow Book” and “The Tale of Genji” depict scenes of aristocrats admiring and using fans. From the Kamakura period (1185-1333 AD) onward, fans also gained popularity among the samurai class, who used them for signaling and ceremonial purposes.
The Meaning Behind the Name “Uchiwa”
The Japanese term “uchiwa” is derived from two words: “utsu,” meaning “to strike,” and “wa,” meaning “ring” or “circle.” This name refers to the action of waving the round-shaped fan to create a breeze. In essence, “uchiwa” describes a tool with a circular shape that is used to generate wind by striking the air.
During the Edo period (1603-1868 AD), uchiwa was also known as “dansen.” This name was given due to the fan’s resemblance to the round shape of a “dango,” a type of Japanese dumpling.
The Evolution of Uchiwa in Japan
After being introduced from China, uchiwa underwent a unique evolution in Japan. During the Muromachi period (1336-1573 AD), fan artisans in Kyoto began creating highly decorative uchiwa, adorned with intricate designs and gold leaf. In the Edo period, the development of woodblock printing techniques allowed for the mass production of uchiwa featuring beautiful ukiyo-e illustrations.
Uchiwa also became widely used among the general public during the Edo period. Ukiyo-e prints often depict people seeking relief from the summer heat by holding uchiwa. To this day, uchiwa remains an essential item in Japan during the summer months.
The Popularization of Uchiwa
One notable figure who contributed to the popularization of uchiwa is Eiichi Shibusawa, a renowned industrialist during the Edo period. In 1873, Shibusawa established the “Iba Jinshoten,” a fan wholesaler in Nihonbashi, Tokyo. He devoted himself to the mass production and sale of uchiwa, and even exported them overseas, playing a significant role in spreading Japanese uchiwa to the world.
During the Meiji period (1868-1912 AD), newspapers and companies began distributing uchiwa as promotional items, further boosting their popularity. Even today, uchiwa continues to be used as a promotional tool for events and businesses.
Conclusion
Uchiwa, a Japanese summer essential, originated in China and underwent a unique evolution in Japan. Embraced by aristocratic culture during the Heian period, uchiwa gained widespread popularity among the general public during the Edo period. The name “uchiwa” itself reflects the fan’s shape and usage. Japanese uchiwa culture is characterized by beautiful designs and high decorative value. Thanks to the efforts of individuals like Eiichi Shibusawa, uchiwa has become known both domestically and internationally. This summer, why not experience the cooling breeze and charm of this traditional Japanese fan for yourself?
