Noh is one of Japan’s most iconic traditional performing arts, known for its unique stage expressions and profound stories. However, many people may not be familiar with the origins of Noh’s name, its history, or the individuals who played a crucial role in spreading this art form. In this article, we’ll delve into the roots and development of Noh, the meaning behind its name, and the famous figures who contributed to its growth.
The Meaning Behind the Name “Noh”
The word “Noh” is derived from the Japanese words “nōkusuru,” meaning “to be able to do,” and “sainō,” meaning “talent.” In essence, Noh is a performing art that requires highly skilled techniques and expressive abilities, performed by those with exceptional talent. The term “Noh” is also thought to have originated from the word “nōshi,” which means “well-made” or “well-done.”
The History of Noh
The origins of Noh can be traced back to the 14th century when performers called “sarugaku” would showcase their dances and narratives at shrines and temples. During the Muromachi period (1336-1573), sarugaku performances began to be held at the residences of the nobility, gradually becoming more refined.
In the late Muromachi period, the father-son duo of Kan’ami and Zeami significantly developed and formalized Noh. They systematized the techniques and repertoire of Noh and created numerous Noh plays (yōkyoku). From the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568-1600) through the Edo period (1603-1868), Noh continued to evolve under the patronage of the samurai society.
Noh as a Japanese Traditional Performing Art
Noh is a traditional performing art that originated in Japan and differs from theater arts that developed independently in other countries. As mentioned earlier, Noh evolved in Japan from the 14th century onward and is deeply connected to Japanese culture and spirituality. Noh is an art form that expresses Japan’s unique aesthetic sensibilities and values.
Famous Figures Who Spread Noh
Many famous figures have contributed to the development of Noh throughout its history. For example, Kan’ami (c. 1333-1384) and Zeami (c. 1363-c. 1443) established the foundations of Noh and created numerous masterpieces. Zeami, in particular, is also known for writing theoretical works on Noh, such as “Fūshikaden,” which systematized the aesthetics of Noh.
During the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate protected and encouraged Noh, which led to its widespread popularity among the samurai class. It was during this time that the main schools of Noh that continue to this day, such as the Kanze, Hōshō, Konparu, Kongō, and Kita schools, were established.
Conclusion
Noh is a traditional Japanese performing art that requires highly skilled techniques and expressive abilities. Its history dates back to the 14th century, and it was significantly developed by Kan’ami and Zeami during the Muromachi period. Noh is deeply intertwined with Japanese culture and spirituality and continues to be cherished by many people today. By understanding the allure of Noh, one can gain a deeper appreciation for Japanese culture.
