Kyogen is one of Japan’s most iconic traditional performing arts, known for its comedic performances that are often presented alongside Noh plays. However, many people may not be familiar with the origins of Kyogen’s name, its history, or the individuals who played a crucial role in spreading this art form. In this article, we’ll delve into the roots and development of Kyogen, the meaning behind its name, and the famous figures who contributed to its growth.
The Meaning Behind the Name “Kyogen”
The word “Kyogen” is a combination of two Japanese words: “kyo,” meaning “crazy” or “unusual,” and “gen,” meaning “words” or “speech.” In essence, Kyogen refers to a performance that uses unusual or absurd language. The term “Kyogen” also carries the connotation of “exaggerated speech” or “fictional words.”
The History of Kyogen
The origins of Kyogen can be traced back to the 14th century when a group of performers called “Dengaku” would showcase comedic acts at temples and shrines during festivals. During the Muromachi period (1336-1573), Dengaku performances began to be presented alongside Noh plays, gradually becoming more refined.
In the late Muromachi period, Zeami, a renowned Noh playwright and theorist, helped integrate Kyogen into the same stage as Noh, elevating the status of Kyogen actors to that of Noh performers. From the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568-1600) through the Edo period (1603-1868), Kyogen continued to evolve under the patronage of feudal lords.
Kyogen as a Japanese Traditional Performing Art
Kyogen is a traditional performing art that originated in Japan and differs from theater arts that developed independently in other countries. As mentioned earlier, Kyogen evolved in Japan from the 14th century onward and is deeply connected to Japanese culture and spirituality. Kyogen is an art form that expresses Japan’s unique sense of humor and cultural values.
Famous Figures Who Spread Kyogen
Many famous figures have contributed to the development of Kyogen throughout its history. For example, Zeami (c. 1363-c. 1443) played a significant role in integrating Kyogen into the same stage as Noh, elevating the status of Kyogen performers. Another notable figure is Sagi Kenichiyo (c. 1468-c. 1542), who established the foundations of the Okura school of Kyogen and created numerous masterpieces.
During the Edo period, major Kyogen families that continue to this day, such as the Sagi Jinyuemon family, the Okura Yajuurou family, and the Yamamoto Tojiro family, were established. These families refined and passed down the art of Kyogen to future generations.
Conclusion
Kyogen is a traditional Japanese performing art that entertains audiences with its comedic language and actions. Its history dates back to the 14th century, and it was integrated into the same stage as Noh by Zeami during the Muromachi period. Kyogen is deeply intertwined with Japanese culture and spirituality and continues to be cherished by many people today. By understanding the allure of Kyogen, one can gain a deeper appreciation for Japanese culture.
