“Itadakimasu”—a phrase you’ve likely heard if you’ve ever dined in Japan or watched Japanese media. But what does it really mean? And why do Japanese people say it before every meal?
In short, “itadakimasu” is a humble expression of gratitude used before eating, acknowledging not only the food but everyone and everything involved in bringing the meal to the table.
This article explores the cultural, religious, and historical roots of this phrase, its modern usage, and the deeper values it reflects in Japanese society.
What Does “Itadakimasu” Mean?
“Itadakimasu” (いただきます) literally means “I humbly receive.” It’s derived from the humble form of the verb itadaku (頂く), which is often used to receive something respectfully from someone of higher status.
However, in the context of meals, its meaning expands to express:
- Gratitude to the person who prepared the meal
- Appreciation for the farmer, fisher, or producer
- Acknowledgment of the lives (animal or plant) that were taken to provide the meal
- Respect for nature, labor, and the interconnectedness of life
It is not a direct equivalent of “Let’s eat” or “Bon appétit.” Rather, it’s a personal, mindful statement of appreciation and humility.
Historical Background
The roots of itadakimasu can be traced back to Japan’s Buddhist and Shinto traditions.
In Buddhism, taking life—even plant life—carries karmic weight. Saying itadakimasu is a way to recognize that eating requires sacrifice and to express appreciation for that gift.
In Shinto, food is considered sacred and often offered to kami (deities) before human consumption. Thus, receiving food is seen as a blessing.
The phrase also resonates with Bushido, the code of the samurai, which emphasized humility, gratitude, and self-restraint—even at the dinner table.
During the Edo period, as communal dining became more formalized, itadakimasu began to solidify as a pre-meal etiquette. It was reinforced in modern times through school education, where children are taught to say itadakimasu before every meal.
Cultural Significance
Saying itadakimasu reflects several core values in Japanese culture:
- Gratitude: Not just to the chef, but to nature and society
- Humility: Acknowledging that one is receiving something from others
- Mindfulness: Pausing to recognize the meal as something not to be taken for granted
It’s also deeply tied to the communal nature of eating in Japan. Even when eating alone, saying itadakimasu is a way to remain connected to the broader food cycle.
Compare this to Western practices—where grace before meals is often religious. In Japan, even secular families teach itadakimasu as a standard part of manners, not necessarily tied to any religion.
Modern Practice and Travel Tips
Today, you’ll hear itadakimasu in nearly every setting:
- At home: Often said in unison by family members
- At school: Children say it together before and after meals (gochisousama deshita afterward)
- In restaurants: Diners may say it quietly before starting
- Even alone: Many people still say it, sometimes under their breath
As a traveler in Japan, you don’t have to say it—but doing so is seen as respectful and culturally aware. It’s a small gesture that can leave a good impression, especially in homestays or traditional inns (ryokan).
And if you’re eating a meal made with care—like handmade sushi or a seasonal kaiseki course—it’s the perfect way to show appreciation.
Curious about how traditional foods evolved? See
The Evolution of Sushi: From Humble Street Food to Global Icon
Common Misconceptions
❌ It’s Religious
Not necessarily. While the phrase has spiritual roots, today it is more about manners and mindfulness than faith.
❌ It Means “Let’s Eat”
“Itadakimasu” is not an invitation—it’s a personal statement. It’s closer to “I am receiving this gift” than “Let’s begin.”
❌ Only Children Say It
Not at all. Adults say it too. It’s a lifelong habit that reflects deep-seated cultural values.
❌ You Only Say It When Someone Else Cooks
Even when eating convenience store food or alone, many Japanese people still say itadakimasu. It’s about the broader cycle of production, not just the cook.
Summary
Saying itadakimasu may seem like a simple custom, but it embodies centuries of Japanese thought—respect for life, gratitude for labor, and the quiet joy of eating together.
Next time you’re in Japan, don’t be afraid to say itadakimasu. It’s not just good manners—it’s a way to truly taste the culture.
Want to learn what gives Japanese food its signature flavor?
Check out: Koji: The Magical Secret Behind Japanese Food’s Flavor
